Essay on Are Red Light Cameras the Answer - 2053 Words

Are Red Light Cameras the Answer? The automobile’s invention revolutionized the American transportation system. It allowed people to move themselves and cargo from city-to-city and state-to-state in a much faster and efficient manner. Its numbers increased as it gained popularity and became affordable. This led to the development of road networks both within and between cities. Problems arose in the areas where roads intersected each other; accidents occurred at these intersections due to the lack in control of vehicular movements. Cities employed people to direct traffic at busy intersections to address this issue, but eventually the intersections became too numerous to control using this method. The development of automated†¦show more content†¦However, this method of traffic enforcement is not without its drawbacks. Intersection monitoring with RLCs is not acceptable because they increase rear end collisions, suffer legal uncertainties, and effective alterna tive methods are available. Background Red light running is a serious issue in the United States. According to T. Walden and B. Bochner (2011), it is estimated these violations result in over 100,000 accidents and 1,000 fatalities each year. The economic impact is assessed to be over $14 billion dollars annually (â€Å"Effectiveness of Red Light Cameras-Texas Statewide Evaluation,† p. 30). Typical costs include items such as property damage, medical expenses, response expenditures, etc. The monetary costs are significant, but the loss of life is incalculable. N. Elminity and E. Radwan (2008) state that drivers who run red lights are the primary cause of high-speed angular collisions at intersections (â€Å"Issues Related to Red-Light Camera Enforcement Systems,† p. 32). RLCs are an attempt to increase safety and reduce risk at problematic intersections in order to mitigate these costs. RLCs utilize different triggering methods. According to the Redflex Traffic Systems website, their system uses radar activated cameras to observe intersections. The radar device mounts on poles at each corner near the traffic signals. This configuration provides coverage of theShow MoreRelatedRed Light Cameras: A Direction Violation of our Constitutional Rights, or a Necessary Safety Measure?1350 Words   |  5 Pages Red Light Cameras: A Direction Violation of our Constitutional Rights, Or a Necessary Safety Measure? There is no doubt that red-light cameras have gained increasing popularity among local municipalities following Florida’s 2010 decision allowing local governments to install them. The city of Lakeland elected to install nine additional cameras in just the past three years alone (Dunkelberger). Revenue and citations are not the only things that red-light cameras are generating; more and more citizensRead MorePhoto Enforcement Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagespresents of photo enforcement cameras on roadways have been an issue for a long time. There have been many debates about whether they are safe or dangerous on the roads. The companies, who make them claim they are safe, yet even some enforcement officials think they cause more accidents than preventing them. Representative Quayle, enforcement cameras should be banned because of the dangers they cause society, harming both the person and their rights. Photo enforcement cameras are causing quite a commotionRead MoreData Analysis Methods And Analysis Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBureau. ï  ¶ Red Light Camera Programs: obtained through news reports and calls to city police departments or public works department. ï  ¶ Calendar Years: 2004-2008 represented the latest 5 years for fatal crash rates available of the after study period while 1992-1996 represented the before study period. ï  ¶ Fatality Analysis Reporting System: data on fatal crashes at intersections with signal lights extracted for 1992-1996 and 2004-2008. ï  ¶ Poisson Regression Model: examines the relationship of camera enforcementRead MoreThe Wizard Of Oz By F. Frank Baum1423 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience lessons and learn from them, rather than simply telling her an answer. In this scene, the Wicked Witch of the West goes to Munchkinland after discovering that her sister has been killed by, albeit, Dorothy’s house. The witch dramatically enters in a cloud of rich, red smoke. The munchkins scurry away, hide, and take cover. After Glinda introduces the witch to Dorothy, the witch proceeds to attempts to take the red ruby slippers from her sister’s feet. However, Glinda magically transportsRead MoreQuotes For Lord Capulet737 Words   |  3 PagesEssay Outline The Boston Red Sox and the New York Yankees play at least 22 games a year just against each other, not including playoffs. They are also the largest rival baseball team of all times. Romeo and Juliet could be portrayed using the Capulets as Boston and the Montagues as New York. At one of the games between them taking place in Fenway Park, Romeo and Juliet meet and hit it off right away. Although their rivals, they do not realize who they are until after the game. In my favorite sceneRead MoreAlfred Hitchcock s Marnie ( 1964 )1367 Words   |  6 Pages Alfred Hitchcock’s Marnie (1964) depicts the psychological development of a young woman as she navigates a life of crime and familial melodrama, ultimately unlocking the suppressed memories that offer answers to her childhood traumas. The director utilizes evocative mise-en-scene, subjective point-of-view shots, and expressive lighting schemes in order to project the title character’s internal state onto the physical world of the film. In doing so, Hitchcock crafts a diegetic universe that reflectsRead MoreInvestigation of Techniques used by Gary Sininse to Interest His Audience in His Screen Adaptation of Of Mice and Men693 Words   |  3 Pagesthrough the village, which creates a chasing action packed mood. The director also decided to use a variety of different camera shot to be used in different places, for different reasons in order to make the film more exciting. Some examples for the different ranges of camera shots used, for e.g. a close up of the girl running at the start in the red dress to show her facial expressions and how scared and desperate she is. Also there is a long shot of a group of men approachingRead More Photography Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesmedium and large format (Antonia LoSopio 7-8). Every photographer that uses a medium or large format camera is not a fine artists by any means, yet most average photographers don’t have a desire to shell out $5,000 for a medium format camera, nor do people want to take the time that a larger camera requires. I personally have spent up to four hours just composing the frame with a large format camera before I even used one piece of film. Also medium format and large format film cannot be processedRead MoreEssay about The Shawshank Redemption1040 Words   |  5 Pagesinmates, Red Redding bet his buddies that Andy would be the first of the new inmates to break that night. Andy would prove him wrong many times over the years. Although pleading innocent, he quickly adapts to prison life keeping himself quiet and reserved from the other inmates but prisoners and guards alike are soon to realise that Andy Dufresne is unlike any man to enter Shawshank before. As he settles to Shawshank Andy begins to become friends with Red who isRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Matrix And Gorilla1360 Words   |  6 Pagesthe universe of people is a substitute adaptation of reality reproduced through a PC of composed codes and projects, this world is known as the Matrix.In one of the most punctual scenes in the film, Neo is demonstrated gazing at a screen, which the camera concentrates on to uncover, the words take after the white rabbit. The intertextual reference to Lewis Carroll s 1865 novel Alice in Wonderland as of now starts to disclose the possibility of a substitute reality or universe to the audience

Thesis Statement About Drug Abuse - 2005 Words

ADDICTION OUTLINE 1. Focused topic: 1.1 Addiction in drugs. 1.2 Addiction in electronics gadgets. 2. Major points: 2.1 How to prevent addictions in drugs? †¢ Steps how to prevent addictions in drugs. 1. Understand How Alcohol and Drug Addiction Develops. 2. If You Have a Drug or Alcohol Abuse Problem, Get Help Now. 3. Avoid Temptations and Peer Pressure 4. Find the Support You Need 5. Practice Healthier Living Habits 2.2 How to be a responsible user of electronics gadgets? †¢ The solutions. 1 Out of Sight, Out of Mind 2 Stop Multitasking 3 Get Organized 2 ADDICTION is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behaviour despite†¦show more content†¦Abuse can turn into addiction if it is not treated. 3. Avoid Temptations and Peer Pressure. You may have heard the expression, â€Å"You’re only as good as the company you keep,† and in reality, that statement is true. If you have friends or family members who pressure you to use alcohol or drugs, avoid them. Make new friends who practice healthier habits, who do well in school, who are motivated at work and who have goals. Develop goals and dreams for yourself. Remember, alcohol or drug use can turn to addiction rapidly; no one plans on becoming a drug addict or alcoholic. While in active addiction, the only goal possible is to get drugs or alcohol to feed the addiction. Regardless of whether it is abuse or addiction with drugs or alcohol, both require 4 professional addiction treatment. 4. Find the Support You Need. People struggling with emotional distress are at greater risk for developing an addiction to drugs or alcohol if they have not developed coping skills. If you have events or experiences in your past that affect your feelings, find a reliable and healthy source of support. If you have depression, anxiety, paranoia or other mental health problems, counseling or therapy and social communities such as religious or spiritual organizations can help you work through negative emotions and behaviors in a healthy, life-affirming manner. Remember that alcohol and drugs in combinationShow MoreRelatedLegalizing Marijuana Speech Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Outline: Weed Country Thesis: There is a significant amount of attention in today’s world on weather or not to legalize marijuana. The prohibition of marijuana is holding up the improvement of social and economic developments. Introduction I. [Attention-Getter] Would you want the government limiting how much coffee you can drink or how much cheesecake you’re allowed to eat? According to Dr. Paul Phinney, president-elect of the California medical association has found these types ofRead MoreDrug Addiction and Drugs1219 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs Addiction Miami Beach Senior High Ashley Gonzalez Ms. Cooper/Mr.Sussman English II-Period Three 06 March 2013 Drugs Addiction Topic and Thesis Statement Miami Beach Senior High Topic: Drugs Thesis Statement: In an examination of drugs I will discuss causes of this disease/or social dilemma. I will also discuss the effect of drugs on individuals, families and society. Read MoreEminem Speech748 Words   |  3 Pagesaccomplishments. Thesis: Eminem had a rough life, but overcame it and has a very successful career. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"I was poor white trash, no glitter, no glamour, but I’m not ashamed of anything.† (http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/e/eminem.html) B. Reason to Listen: Eminem is one of the world’s most influential and popular artists. He has lived a troubled life that we can all learn from, which he explains various times in his songs. C. Thesis Statement:Read MoreMini Thesis1451 Words   |  6 PagesMALES Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements For Health Care Marketplace Thesis By: Laquita Hailey Professor: Cornelius Cash, PH.D., MBA American InterContinental University 6600 Peachtree-Dunwoody RD 500 Embassy Row Atlanta, GA 30328 June 18, 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT Chapter 1 – Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Background and Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Statement of Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Purpose of Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4Read More Drug Legalization Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Legalization Drug legalization has become a great issue among Americans for many years, and there have also been those that try to stop that legalization. The article, â€Å"Legalizing Drugs is Not the Solution† by Gerald W. Lynch, has a good argument based on facts and incidents that have occurred from drug use. In this article a person thinks twice about what they are really doing when they use drugs, and it is clear as to why legalizing drugs would not be a logical solution As spokenRead MoreThesis on drugs and addiction923 Words   |  4 Pages Thesis Statement Although some people argue for the legalization of drugs, addiction to these substances has caused a huge increase in violent crimes in the home, at school, and on the street. Many people do not understand why individuals become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to create compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a social problem and may characterize those who take drugs as morally weak. One very common belief is that drugRead MoreNarcotics - Research Paper in English1059 Words   |  5 PagesFelonila Cortado OUTLINE Narcotics Thesis Statement: Narcotics have valuable medical uses, however, illegal and excessive use of narcotics can endanger people’s lives because of its damaging effects on the mind and body. I. Narcotics Education A. Narcotics B. Kinds of Narcotics C. Characteristics and Medical Uses II. Narcotics Abuse A. Causes of Abuse B. Tolerance and Withdrawal III. Effects of Narcotics Abuse A. Effects on the Person B. Effects on theRead MoreSteriods Informative Speech909 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Stewart HCOM 100 Section #34/Rosie Title: The Facts about Anabolic Steroids in our Bodies. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the effects of Anabolic Steroids in peoples bodies. Thesis: Today I would like to enlighten the class on what I’ve learned about Anabolic Steroids and the causes it has on our body. Introduction Attention material: According to Do Something.Org, Science Daily quotes that â€Å"A recent study found that 57%of high school steroid users said that they wouldRead MoreSpeech On Animal Abuse1550 Words   |  7 Pagesengaged in animal abuse during childhood. Needed Information Who? Kids/children - killers What? How animal abuse affects children/kids. When? 1946 - now Where? United states Why? Because people don’t just kill/hurt people out the blue and what are the signs of a killer. How? Killers and murders start out when they are young. Thesis Statement: People/kids that abuse animals might abuse you in the future. Body Paragraph 1: How Animal abuse starts? Preview: How or why people abuse animals. Example:Read MoreThe Dangers Of Domestic Violence Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic Violence Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the dangers of domestic violence and where to get help. Thesis Statement: Domestic violence is a crime that exist in all cultures, races, educational backgrounds and economic levels. Introduction Domestic violence is not just hitting or an occasional argument. It’s a mental abuse of power. The abuser tortures and control the victim by threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Around the world at least one woman

Behavior Modification Techniques for Professionals- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBehavior Modification Techniques for Health Professionals. Answer: Introduction: Mental health disorders can be of different types depending on the condition of the patient. Substance abuse is alter intricately related to mental health disorder as it compel the addict to repeat the habit in spite of knowing the associated health risks. This kind of treatment for mental disorder can be treated by using behavioral modification techniques (Bricker et al., 2013). This kind of therapy is focused on changing the bad habit for obtaining better patient outcome. The aim of this essay to utilize the Trans-theoretical Model of change or Stages of Change Model in applied behavioral therapy (Barkway, 2013). The components of motivational interviewing, is identified in this essay in relation to the case study provided to alter the behavioral aspects that might potentially harm the patient. The case study is about a 35-year-old male named Ying, who has taken an appointment to quit his smoking habit. Ying has been smoking a full packet of cigarette for the past ten years and has decided to change as he thinks that his smoking is causing him health problems. Discussion: There are various models for behavior therapy like, cognitive behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral play therapy, system desensitization therapy, aversion therapy et cetera. A newer approach to the change of behavior therapy is the Integrative theory of therapy. It is a form of psychotherapy, that involves assistance of various psychotherapy models, which affects the cognition, behavior and psychological change of the person. A form of this kind of therapy can be utilized for Ying, which is Trans-theoretical Model for therapy or Stages of cycle therapy. The idea of this therapy is based on the fact that the patient is taking initiative to make a change in their behavior and seeks therapeutic assistance from a caregiver (Barkway, 2013). Trans-theoretical model This kind of psychotherapeutic model is the most commonly utilized practice model to treat behavior alteration. The process of changing is seen to occur in six stages. It has to be kept in mind that the relapse of the patient can occur at any stage of the therapy. This form of models helps practitioners and nurses assess each step, provide relevant strategy, and plan interventions to gain better patient outcome. The steps are described as follows:- Fig 1: Trans-theoretical model Source: Australian Catholic University Pre-contemplation (no intention of change): In this stage, the patient has not yet decided to make the behavioral change. This can happen since due to lack of confidence on the patients part and self-doubt regarding his or her own will power (Prochaska, 2013). Contemplation (intention to change): This is the stage, where the realization of the patient occurs due certain incident or epiphany. Preparation: In this stage, the person has already accomplished the realization, is preparing to make a change of habit and developed a plan of habit. Action (making changes): In this stage, the person initiates certain changes and acts to alter previous behavior. Maintenance: In this stage, the patient shows actions to maintain the decision to alter the behavior. This attempt requires strong will power and practice to subdue the control of cognitive abilities. Relapse: This stage may or may not happen throughout the cycle. The occurrence of this stage can appear in any other stages of the cycle or during interventional therapy (if taken). In case of the case study provided the patient, Ying, had already gone through the initial three stages, which are pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation. He decided to reach out to seek psychotherapeutic help, which shows that the patient is at the fourth stage of the trans-theoretical model, which is action. The duty as a therapist is to apply the techniques of behavioral alteration therapy. The model chosen to evaluate the patient condition and provide relevant support is Motivational interviewing. This is the best form of psychotherapy to treat patient with substance abuse like drugs, alcohol, smoking et cetera. Motivational Interviewing It is the duty of the practitioner, to provide the patient with proper support, express their concern regarding the patients current condition and decide on a care plan to improve the behavior as well as present arguments that will help changing the patients cognitive habit (Rollnick Miller, 2008). The concept of MI was developed by Miller and Rollnick for treating substance abusers, which is now utilized to treat various other mental illness (Rollnick Miller, 2008). The evolution of the concept if MI has occurred from person-centered therapeutic approach of psychotherapy. The objective of the therapy is to provide encouragement to the patient to process about the initiation of requirement for altered habit or behavior and proceed to take actions for making the alteration. The support is focused on helping the patient understand and explore the set beliefs as well as values, which are held for the betterment of behavior alteration. In the given case study, Ying needs to be supported and provided a care plan, which will be more focused on him. Taking into consideration, Yings age he needs to quit smoking in order to reduce the risk of respiratory and cardiac diseases (Sarbandi, 2013). Components of MI Giving Advice: Practitioner, should provide Ying with proper advice, relevant to his smoking habits. Removing barriers: It is important that the practitioner takes necessary measures to reduce the communication barrier with Ying so as to provide, a safe and comfortable environment for him to confide in. The practitioner can use open-ended questions which will improve the interpersonal communication (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Providing choice: The practitioner must ensure that Ying is given a choice of making the better decision for himself. Decreasing desirability: The practitioner has to ensure that Yings temptation to revert to his old habit, is minimized to ensure effective therapy outcome. Practicing empathy: The practitioner is expected to show empathy towards Yings situation as the goal of the model is patient centered therapy. Providing feedback: It is essential that the practitioner express their feedback and concern regarding Ying to make him feel included. Clarifying goals: It is the duty of the practitioner to provide proper clarification for the care goals for Ying and include him in the decision making process. The practitioner can summarize the goal and discussion effectively to engage Yings attention. Active helping: The practitioner must actively participate in the process of change cycle and show interest in Yings initiatives. Five principles of MI to create conditions for change: Express empathy: It is essential that thee practitioner has the skills to listen actively to the reflections made by Ying. It is acceptable to have ambivalent feelings, which can be mutually sorted. Reflective listening will help the practitioner assert the statements made by Ying. Develop Discrepancy: It is expected of Ying to present his arguments if he does not feel comfortable at any stage of the therapy. This kind of behavior should be encouraged by the practitioner to let Ying decide what is good for himself (Lundahl et al., 2013). Avoid argumentation: The practitioner should make sure that any discrepancy should not lead to arguments as that might increase the chance in Ying to resist the therapy. Roll with resistance: If, the practitioner faces any resistance from Ying, when the therapy becomes difficult for him to handle in the maintenance stages of this behavior alteration, the practitioner should implement strategies to minimize and reduce the objections. Support self-efficacy: It is normal that Ying will feel demotivated in the later progressive stages of the therapy but the practitioner must believe in Ying and show that his ability to change is present, which will ultimately act as a motivator to improve his behavior alteration process. Affirmation of the actions and initiatives will also encourage Ying to improve. Challenges in Motivational Interviewing: The main challenge of MI is resistance on the patients behalf, when he or she faces difficulty to change their behavior. Verbal and non-verbal: This is first and obvious form of resistance from the patients behalf where the patient is verbally expressing his or her discrepancy against the therapeutic approach (Harakas, 2013). Sometimes the patient undertakes non-verbal resistance where they show behavioral, facial or signs which reflect that the patient is challenging the therapists decision. This form of resistance in commonly seen in interpersonal communication sessions of therapy (Stein-Parbury, 2013). This appearance of resistance is observed when the health outcome is not met according to the expectation of the patient, which gives rise to personal dissatisfaction. These factors are dependent on the practitioners own approach to therapy how he or she decides to deal with resistance. In this context the story of Sandy Jeffs, a woman who struggled with schizophrenia for 23 years overcame her illness by unleashing her literary creativity and publishing books on her experience. My minds eye too vivid or too clouded either too many butterflies in it or do I only have a half- mind to do anything, Im head over heels with a screw loose but cheer up because every mad clown has a sane lining or does every sane cloud have a mad lining, the mad boggles... References: Barkway, P. (2013).Psychology for health professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation.Nicotine Tobacco Research,15(10), 1756-1764.https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt056 Harakas, P. (2013). Resistance, motivational interviewing, and executive coaching.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,65(2), 108. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033196 Lundahl, B., Moleni, T., Burke, B. L., Butters, R., Tollefson, D., Butler, C., Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing in medical care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Patient education and counseling,93(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.07.012 Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. InEncyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_70 Rollnick, S., Miller, W. R., Butler, C. C., Aloia, M. S. (2008). Motivational interviewing in health care: helping patients change behavior. Sarbandi, F., Niknami, S., Hidarnia, A., Hajizadeh, E., Montazeri, A. (2013). The transtheoretical model (TTM) questionnaire for smoking cessation: psychometric properties of the Iranian version.BMC public health,13(1), 1186.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1186 Stein-Parbury, J. (2013).Patient and person: Interpersonal skills in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Jane Eyre Essays (1512 words) - English-language Films,

Jane Eyre Analysis of Nature Charlotte Bronte makes use of nature imagery throughout "Jane Eyre," and comments on both the human relationship with the outdoors and human nature. The following are examples from the novel that exhibit the importance of nature during that time period. Several natural themes run through the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea. After Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives us the following metaphor of their relationship: "Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant but unquiet sea . . . I thought sometimes I saw beyond its wild waters a shore . . . now and then a freshening gale, wakened by hope, bore my spirit triumphantly towards the bourne: but . . . a counteracting breeze blew off land, and continually drove me back"(Bront? 159). The gale is all the forces that prevent Jane's union with Rochester. Bront? implies that Jane's feelings about the sea driving her back remind her of her heart felt emotions of a rocky relationship with Rochester and still being drawn back to him. Another recurrent image is Bront?'s treatment of Birds. We first witness Jane's fascination when she reads Bewick's History of British Birds as a child. She reads of "death-white realms" and "'the solitary rocks and promontories'" of sea-fowl. One can see how Jane identifies with the bird. For her it is a form of escape, the idea of flying above the toils of every day life. Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs. Perhaps Bront? is telling us that this idea of escape is no more than a fantasy-one cannot escape when one must return for basic sustenance. The link between Jane and birds is strengthened by the way Bront? adumbrates poor nutrition at Lowood through a bird who is described as a little hungry robin. Bront? brings the buoyant sea theme and the bird theme together in the passage describing the first painting of Jane's that Rochester examines. This painting depicts a turbulent sea with a sunken ship, and on the mast perches a cormorant with a gold bracelet in its mouth, apparently taken from a drowning body. While the imagery is perhaps too imprecise to afford an exact interpretation, a possible explanation can be derived from the context of previous treatments of these themes. The sea is surely a metaphor for Rochester and Jane's relationship, as we have already seen. Rochester is often described as a "dark" and dangerous man, which fits the likeness of a cormorant; it is therefore likely that Bront? sees him as the sea bird. As we shall see later, Jane goes through a sort of symbolic death, so it makes sense for her to represent the drowned corpse. The gold bracelet can be the purity and innocence of the old Jane that Rochester managed to capture before she left him. Having established some of the nature themes in "Jane Eyre," we can now look at the natural cornerstone of the novel: the passage between her flight from Thornfield and her acceptance into Morton. In leaving Thornfield, Jane has severed all her connections; she has cut through any umbilical cord. She narrates: "Not a tie holds me to human society at this moment"(Bront? 340). After only taking a small parcel with her from Thornfield, she leaves even that in the coach she rents. Gone are all references to Rochester, or even her past life. A "sensible" heroine might have gone to find her uncle, but Jane needed to leave her old life behind. Jane is seeking a return to the womb of mother nature: "I have no relative but the universal mother, Nature: I will seek her breast and ask repose"(Bront? 340). We see how she seeks protection as she searches for a resting place: "I struck straight into the heath; I held on to a hollow I saw deeply furrowing the brown moorside; I waded knee-deep in its dark growth; I turned with its turnings, and finding a moss-blackened granite crag in a hidden angle, I sat down under it. High banks of moor were about me; the crag protected my head: the sky was over that" (Bront? 340). It is the moon part of nature that sends Jane away from Thornfield. Jane believes that birds are faithful to their mates. Seeing herself as unfaithful, Jane is seeking an existence in nature where everything is simpler. Bront? was surely not aware of the large number of species of bird that practice polygamy. While this fact is intrinsically wholly irrelevant to